Von Willebrand's Disease in Dogs: Bleeding Disorder Guide

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

Dogs with von Willebrand's disease can live normal lives, but they need special care if they bleed or need surgery.

What it is

Von Willebrand factor helps platelets stick together to form clots. Dogs with low or abnormal levels of this protein bleed longer after injuries. It is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in dogs, and a similar condition exists in people.

Types

• Type 1: reduced levels, usually mild, common in Dobermans and many breeds
• Type 2: abnormal protein, more severe, seen in German shorthaired and wirehaired pointers
• Type 3: almost none, severe, seen in Scottish terriers, Shetland sheepdogs and Chesapeake Bay retrievers

Breeds at higher risk

Doberman pinschers, Scottish terriers, Shetland sheepdogs, Pembroke Welsh corgis, German shepherds, golden retrievers, Manchester terriers, poodles and others. Mixed breeds can also carry it.

Signs

• Nosebleeds. See dog nosebleeds
• Bleeding gums
• Prolonged bleeding after surgery or injury
• Blood in urine or stool
• Bruising
• Heavy or prolonged heat cycles. See dog heat cycle
• Bleeding after tooth loss
• Anemia in long-term cases. See anemia in dogs

Diagnosis

Vets may use DNA tests for some breeds, von Willebrand factor level tests and clotting profiles. Because levels can vary with stress and illness, results are interpreted with care. See dog DNA and genetic health testing.

Managing bleeding episodes

1. Apply firm pressure with clean gauze for several minutes.
2. Keep your dog calm.
3. Call your vet if bleeding continues beyond a few minutes.
4. Go to an emergency clinic for heavy bleeding or collapse.

See dog wounds and cuts.

Surgery and procedures

Tell every vet and groomer about the diagnosis. Planning may involve a transfusion of plasma or cryoprecipitate, medication to help clotting, careful technique and monitoring. This is especially important before spay, neuter or dental extractions. See anesthesia safety for dogs and spay and neuter pros and cons.

Medications to check

Some drugs, including certain NSAIDs and sulfa antibiotics, may affect clotting or platelet function. Always ask your vet before giving anything new. See NSAIDs and pain medication for dogs.

Daily care

• Trim nails carefully, keeping styptic powder ready
• Brush gently and avoid rough play
• Use soft chew toys
• Keep your dog from hazards
• Keep records and a card with the diagnosis

Breeding

Responsible breeders test parents to avoid producing affected puppies. Ask for DNA results for breeds at risk.

Prognosis

Many dogs with mild forms never have serious problems. Severe forms need careful lifelong management.

Questions to ask your vet

Ask what type your dog has, which procedures need preparation and how to handle bleeding at home.

Common mistakes

• Not telling the groomer or surgeon
• Giving aspirin or ibuprofen
• Waiting too long to seek help
• Skipping tests before surgery

Troubleshooting

• A nail bleeds for ages: use styptic powder and pressure, then call your vet.
• My dog has frequent nosebleeds: ask for clotting tests.
• I am not sure he is affected: DNA tests may help.

A simple plan

1. Confirm the type.
2. Alert every professional.
3. Prepare for surgery.
4. Keep first aid ready.

Real-life examples

A Doberman has a spay with plasma preparation and recovers well. A Scottie's owner keeps styptic powder in every bag. A corgi's mild form is found on screening. Planning keeps dogs safe.

Plan ahead

A little preparation prevents big problems.

The takeaway

Von Willebrand's disease causes bleeding problems. Test, tell every professional and plan procedures carefully.

This article is general educational information, not veterinary advice. Every dog is different. If your dog is unwell, or you are unsure about a symptom, diet change or medication, contact your veterinarian.