Longhaired vs Shorthaired Cats: Grooming, Shedding, Health
Coat length is one of the first things people notice, and one of the biggest influences on how much work a cat is. A fluffy Persian and a sleek Siamese can be equally loving, but they need very different grooming. This guide compares longhaired and shorthaired cats so that you can choose a coat that fits your life.
The basics
Cats are classed by coat length. Shorthaired cats have a short, close coat, as in the American Shorthair, British Shorthair and Siamese. Longhaired cats have a long, flowing coat, as in the Persian, Maine Coon and Ragdoll. Semi-longhaired and medium coats fall in between, as in the Birman. Mixed-breed cats are described as domestic shorthair or domestic longhair. See domestic shorthair and domestic longhair.
Long hair is a recessive trait, so a longhaired cat must inherit the gene from both parents.
Grooming
| Feature | Longhaired | Shorthaired |
|---|---|---|
| Brushing | Several times a week to daily | Weekly |
| Mats | Common | Rare |
| Bathing | Sometimes needed | Rarely |
| Professional grooming | Often helpful | Rarely |
| Sanitary trims | Sometimes | No |
Longhaired cats can develop mats behind the ears, under the arms, around the tail and on the belly. Mats pull on skin and can hide sores. See grooming longhaired cats, how to brush a cat and how to remove mats from cat fur. Shorthaired cats keep themselves clean, though they benefit from weekly brushing, especially in spring and fall.
Shedding
Both types shed, and some shorthaired breeds shed heavily. Longhair is more visible on furniture and clothes. Double-coated breeds, such as the Siberian and Norwegian Forest Cat, shed a lot seasonally. Regular brushing, a good diet and a clean home help. Hypoallergenic claims about coat length are not reliable. See hypoallergenic cat breeds: the truth and living with cat allergies.
Hairballs
Cats swallow hair when grooming. Longhaired cats tend to swallow more, so they may have more hairballs, though shorthaired cats get them too. Brushing helps. Frequent hairballs or retching without producing a hairball should be checked. See hairballs in cats and constipation in cats.
Seasonal needs
- Summer. Longhaired cats may overheat, though shaving is not usually advised unless a vet recommends it. Provide cool spots and water. See keeping cats cool in hot weather.
- Winter. Shorthaired cats may need warm beds. See winter safety for cats.
Health and hygiene
Coat length does not decide health, but there are a few practical points.
- Longhaired cats can get soiled under the tail, and sanitary trims help.
- Mats can hide skin problems and parasites. See fleas on cats.
- Overweight cats of either type may struggle to groom. See how to help an overweight cat lose weight.
- Older cats groom less, so need more help. See senior cat care guide.
Personality
Long or short coats do not predict personality. Breed and individual temperament matter far more. See cat personality types.
Cost
Longhaired cats may cost more in grooming tools, groomer visits and sometimes vet visits for mats. Shorthaired cats are cheaper to maintain, though costs for food and vet care are the same.
How to choose
Ask yourself how much time you will spend. If you can brush every day and enjoy it, a longhaired cat can be a joy. If you want something easier, a shorthair is a safer choice. Whichever you pick, start grooming early and make it pleasant. See how to choose a cat breed and how to choose a kitten.
Starting grooming early
Whichever coat you choose, begin grooming in kittenhood. Short, gentle sessions with a soft brush, followed by a treat, teach a kitten that grooming is pleasant. Introduce the comb, nail clippers and bath slowly. A cat that is used to handling from an early age is far easier to groom as an adult, and far calmer at the vet or groomer. If you adopt an adult longhaired cat with mats, ask a vet or professional groomer for help instead of cutting out the mats yourself, since skin can be thin and easily cut.
When to see a vet
See a vet if your cat has skin sores, matted fur it cannot remove or sudden changes in coat. Use the US vet directory to find a clinic.
Frequently asked questions
Do longhaired cats shed more?
Not always, but the hair is longer and more noticeable.
Are shorthaired cats easier?
Generally yes, because they need less brushing and are less prone to mats.
Can I shave a longhaired cat?
Only if a vet or groomer advises it, because shaving can harm the coat and skin.
Do coat lengths affect allergies?
Not much. Allergens come mainly from saliva and skin.
Sources and further reading
We link to recognised organizations so you can check the basics for yourself. We have no commercial relationship with any site listed here.
- American Veterinary Medical Association: pet owner resourcesPolicy-level guidance from the national veterinary association.
- Cat Fanciers' AssociationBreed standards and the world's largest registry of pedigreed cats.
- The International Cat AssociationBreed information and a global cat registry.
Tailwisp is independent and written under our editorial policy. Learn who we are, or browse all cat guides.