Is Catnip Safe for Cats? How It Works, How Much and Alternatives
Few things change a cat's behavior as dramatically as a sprinkle of catnip. Cats roll, rub, drool and race around, then often drop into a relaxed doze. It looks like intoxication, which makes many owners wonder if it is safe. The good news is that catnip is a safe and inexpensive source of enrichment for most cats.
What is catnip?
Catnip, Nepeta cataria, is a perennial herb in the mint family. Its leaves and stems contain an oil called nepetalactone, which triggers the response in cats. The plant grows easily in gardens and pots, and it is sold dried, as sprays and in toys.
How does it work?
When a cat sniffs catnip, nepetalactone binds to receptors in the nose, which signal to parts of the brain linked to emotion and behavior. The effect resembles a response to pheromones. It does not appear to be harmful. Studies suggest that nepetalactone may also help repel insects such as mosquitoes.
Typical response
- Sniffing, licking and chewing
- Rubbing the face and body
- Rolling and drooling
- Hyperactivity, jumping and zoomies. See cat zoomies explained.
- Vocalizing
- Or, in some cats, sedation and relaxation
The effect usually lasts five to fifteen minutes. After that, cats typically lose interest and become unresponsive to catnip for an hour or more.
Why some cats do not respond
The response is inherited. Around two-thirds of cats respond to catnip, and the rest do not. Kittens usually show no reaction until about three to six months of age. Some cats are stimulated by catnip, while others become mellow.
Is catnip safe?
Catnip is considered non-toxic to cats and is not addictive. In normal amounts, it does no harm. Cautions include:
- Eating a lot. Large amounts can cause mild vomiting or diarrhea. See cat vomiting causes.
- Aggression. Some cats become overstimulated or aggressive. Remove catnip if cats fight. See aggression between cats.
- Multi-cat homes. Competition over catnip can cause fights, so offer it separately.
- Essential oils. Concentrated catnip oils can be too strong. Use plant material or toys.
- Seizures. Cats with seizure disorders should avoid it unless a vet advises. See seizures in cats.
- Pregnancy. Some sources advise caution for pregnant cats.
Never use catnip products with added chemicals, and keep other herbs away from cats. See toxic houseplants for cats.
How to use catnip
- Sprinkle a pinch on a scratching post, toy or play area. See how to choose a cat tree.
- Stuff toys with dried catnip.
- Use it to encourage a cat to try a new bed or carrier. See carrier training a cat.
- Use it for play and exercise. See indoor cat enrichment ideas.
- Offer it a few times a week, not daily, so the effect remains strong.
- Store dried catnip in a sealed container, to keep it potent.
Growing catnip
Catnip grows easily in sunny spots. Cats may roll in it or chew it. Protect young plants with a cage, or grow it in pots. Cat-safe plants are listed in cat-safe houseplants. Note that catnip spreads vigorously.
Alternatives for non-responders
- Silvervine. Acts on a high proportion of cats, including many that ignore catnip.
- Valerian root. Has a strong smell, and some cats respond.
- Tatarian honeysuckle wood.
- Cat grass. See why do cats eat grass.
Catnip and kittens
Kittens usually do not respond, but catnip is not harmful. Use play and other toys instead. See how to play with a kitten.
Catnip toys and safety
Choose sturdy toys without small parts such as buttons or strings, which can be swallowed. Replace toys that tear, and wash fabric toys occasionally. Refresh a toy by crushing the herb inside, or store it in a sealed bag with fresh catnip overnight.
Spray versus dried herb
Catnip sprays are convenient, but check ingredients for alcohol or preservatives. Dried leaves and flowers tend to be strongest. Buds are more potent than stems, so check the quality.
Using catnip at the vet or in the carrier
Some owners use a pinch of catnip to calm a cat in the carrier, but others find it makes cats more excitable. Try it at home first. Do not use catnip to sedate a cat for a vet visit. Ask your vet about safe options.
Wild cats and catnip
Big cats such as lions and leopards also respond to catnip, which suggests that the reaction is an ancient trait.
When to see a vet
Contact your vet if your cat vomits repeatedly, has diarrhea or behaves oddly after catnip. Use the US vet directory to find a clinic.
Frequently asked questions
Is catnip a drug?
It is a herb that triggers a temporary response, and it is not addictive or harmful in normal use.
Why does my cat not react?
Sensitivity is inherited, and about a third of cats do not respond.
How often can cats have catnip?
A few times a week is typical, and more often may reduce response.
Can kittens have catnip?
It is safe, but kittens usually do not respond until they are older.
Sources and further reading
Pet food rules and nutrient standards come from regulators and professional bodies. Start here when you want the primary source.
- FDA Center for Veterinary MedicineU.S. regulator for animal food, drugs and recalls.
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterToxic plants and foods lists, plus a 24-hour helpline.
- Pet Poison Helpline24-hour poison advice staffed by veterinary toxicologists.
Tailwisp is independent and written under our editorial policy. Learn who we are, or browse all cat guides.
This article is general educational information, not veterinary advice. Every cat is different. If your cat is unwell, or you are unsure about a symptom, diet change or medication, contact your veterinarian.