Japanese Chin Breed Guide: Temperament, Care and Health

By Tailwisp Editorial TeamUpdated October 17, 20263 min read

The Japanese Chin carries itself like royalty. Its history is bound up with the imperial courts of Japan and China, and its manners remain refined: it is often seen sitting on the back of a sofa, washing its face like a cat.

Origins and appearance

The breed's exact origins are debated, but small short-faced dogs were gifts between rulers in East Asia, and some reached Europe in the nineteenth century, when sailors and diplomats brought them to Britain and the United States. The Chin has a broad, flat face, large wide-set eyes, a feathered tail curled over the back and a silky coat that is usually black and white, red and white or black, white and tan.

Temperament

Chin are gentle, affectionate and sensitive. They bond with their people and may become shy with strangers. They can be playful and entertaining, with a habit of spinning in circles when happy. They do not do well with rough handling or noisy, chaotic households. Most are quiet, though they alert to visitors. They usually tolerate other pets when introduced gradually.

Exercise

Daily exercise needs are low. A short walk and some indoor play usually suffice. Exercise in cool conditions, and avoid humid weather. Flat-faced dogs cool less efficiently, so stop at the first sign of labored breathing. See dog heatstroke.

Training

Chin are clever and sensitive. They respond to praise and treats, and sulk when scolded. House training may be slow, as with many toy breeds. Keep sessions short and positive, and teach them to enjoy handling for grooming and vet care. Many learn to walk politely on a leash and enjoy simple tricks.

Coat and grooming

The single-layer silky coat is long but less prone to matting than a double coat. Brush two or three times a week, paying attention to the feathering on ears, chest and tail. See silky coat dog grooming guide. Wipe the face daily, clean the eyes and check the ears. Brush teeth, since small mouths crowd teeth.

Health considerations

Topics worth discussing with breeders and vets include:

• Brachycephalic airway concerns. See health issues in flat-faced breeds
• Heart disease, especially mitral valve disease. See heart murmur in dogs
• Luxating patella. See luxating patella in dogs
• Eye problems, including cataracts and corneal ulcers
• Sensitivity to anesthesia
• Dental disease. See dental disease in dogs
• Storage diseases reported in the breed

Living with a Japanese Chin

They suit apartments and quiet homes, especially with adults who are home often. Protect them from heat, cold and falls from furniture. They enjoy a favorite perch.

Common owner mistakes

Typical missteps include exercising in warm weather, using a collar rather than a harness, ignoring eye irritation and allowing jumps from furniture. Some owners assume a small dog needs no training, then cope with fearfulness. Socialize gently and consistently. Pet insurance can help with potential heart care. See dog pet insurance guide.

Is it the right breed for you?

A Japanese Chin suits calm, attentive owners who want an elegant, low-exercise companion. It may not suit a boisterous household or active adventurers. For a cheerful, sturdier alternative, see the Pug.

Questions to ask a breeder or rescue

Ask about heart checks for the parents, eye examinations, patella grades and any history of breathing trouble in the line. Ask what the breeder does to socialize puppies, and whether the puppy has had a vet exam. Reputable breeders provide health records and will take the dog back if you cannot keep it.

The takeaway

Japanese Chin are graceful, sensitive and feline, and they need cool, calm homes and attentive health care.